Good theories are always easy to accept, because they are often taken from real needs, but it is not easy to apply this theory to the realization of the work. This is true of a CMS (Content Management System) that is easy to understand and easy to do.
A few years ago, printed publications were almost the only form of publication. After entering the post-press processing process, electronic typography documents were of little use. But now this situation is different, because the forms of publication are becoming more and more diversified. First is the emergence of CD-ROM electronic publications, and then online online publishing. At the same time, publishers combine these forms more and more Versions.
Under this new publishing model, the status of electronic documents has become prominent, but the electronic data for a certain form of publication (such as CD-ROM) often does not apply to the needs of another form of publication (such as online publishing). Therefore must go through various transformations. These conversions and their additions not only greatly increase the amount of labor, but also have high costs. At this time, if the CMS content management system is more convenient, the CMS supports the storage, adaptation, editing, updating, and control of the content. It can be output in different forms, which naturally greatly reduces the workload and costs. Below, this article will explain in detail the usefulness, composition, advantages and other issues of CMS.
First, where to use CMS
The CMS system is useful, but there is no need to abuse it. For example, an electronic publishing house that only exports CD-ROMs is not necessary to organize the introduction of CMS. The following summarizes several scenarios. If you include these situations or most of them in your publishing process, consider using a CMS.
(1) "Database" publications are information in a publication that can be organized in a logical way. Each part of information can exist independently and be used in other parts. Such as encyclopedias, statistical reference books and scientific reference books, journals can be based on their own needs to decide whether to use CMS.
(2) Multi-volume, multi-volume publications, monograph publications, and single-volume publications with more than 1,000 pages can be considered CMS
(3) Multi-version publications A publication that is published only once does not require a CMS. On the contrary, it should be considered for two reasons. First, a publication is repeatedly republished, stating that its vitality is strong enough to receive the initial input cost of the CMS. Second, when the second edition is published, it does not need to be completely changed. The fact that it needs to be updated is usually only 3% to 15% of the original edition. Most of the contents just need to be transferred.
(4) Multiple authors, multiple editors, and co-workers Although the saying goes that people are often confused, many works cannot be completed without the cooperation of many people, such as some encyclopedias and dictionaries. Then the important point in the creation, editing and publishing of these works is to manage and coordinate the work of the various collaborators, and the CMS system can do this automatically.
(5) Satisfy a variety of publishing options Publishers choose what kind of publishing format is determined by the needs of the market, and this market is always changing. Yesterday people were content with printed publications. Today, CD-ROMs have been required, and tomorrow The Internet has become a new fashion for people. Publishers often find it difficult to determine their own final form of publication, but they are also ignoring the needless format conversion; here CMS can help publishers because it supports any kind of output.
Second, the CMS system components CMS Gu Mingsi thinking is a system of management content, in short, its principle is that several independent functional blocks together in accordance with a common framework. A CMS system specifically includes the following components.
(1) Databases Databases are content structures that are created to facilitate entry, update, and redistribution. Therefore, the special structure of information will depend on the user's access method, but usually the structure will be reduced to the lowest logical separation standard. The CMS database is not only a commercial database of different sizes, but also an ordinary user database. The database information can be SGML format, or even ASCII text. The database can be accessed from a local network, a local area network, or the Internet. The database must be built with security in mind.
(b) User Interface Because a typical CMS is a combination of several products, it uses several different but similar interfaces, especially web browsers and word processor interfaces. These interfaces are often used to connect user interfaces to meet the special needs of the publishing process.
(C) Editing tools The word processor and SGML editor are key members of most CMS programs. The ideal editing tool allows authors to work in their own custom software environment, while only following a few basic rules. For the sake of editing, this kind of software environment is best to use SGML. Of course, when the author pays too much attention to the complex SGML code, he often neglects his own work theme—content preparation. This is not a good phenomenon.
(d) Workflow scheme
With the CMS system, publishers can keep abreast of the use of various parts of the publication because the workflow diagram tracks each data, notes its usage records and version records. The publisher knows the various statuses of its content at various times, when it was accessed, when it was edited, and when it was sent to the author for rewriting. In addition, the version history also shows that the contents of the CMS have been published in the form of preservation. User reports provided by the work flow diagram can also provide various forms of status information. This member of the CMS enables publishers to control (at least track) all content and its workflow.
(5) Output application output The application program is a number of filters that extract information from the database and format it into various media. For example, a filter can produce CD-ROM version of the content format, it can also meet the printing needs, the content is converted into the format required for imagesetter. Visible in the CMS, the establishment of a database, so that the content of information in one: the media is neutral, the state is not enough, but also need to convert this state of information into a variety of media required forms of applications.
Third, the advantages and benefits of the CMS system Many people will say that the introduction of CMS system investment is too large, indeed, in the initial work must have a considerable investment, but if the publisher plans to publish the same content in multiple forms, the introduction of CMS will reduce total cost. Here's a summary of the benefits of CMS and the benefits it brings:
(I) Reduced update costs After the introduction of the CMS, publishing a new electronic version of the CD-ROM would be less costly than when the CMS was not used; updating the site content would be simple and costly; when publishing a new printed version, Re-layout work is less, and costs are lower. In short, CMS can reduce publishers' update costs. Of course, the cost of a CMS system varies greatly depending on the size of the content, but in general, it is used when publishing the same content in the form of printing, CD-ROM, or the Internet. CMS can reduce the total cost by 50%.
(B) content information is always stored in an effective form Many people have experience, technology updates are always out of the storage format of information, and then had to update the information format. After using the CMS, there will be no such trouble, because information is stored in a form that is always valid, that is, in ASCII.
(C) tracking the workflow mechanism is the development and production of a good helper tracking workflow This mechanism allows editors and authors to keep abreast of the state of information stored, whether it is for the author, editors or market developers, senior managers are all a Very good management tool.
(4) The CMS system transforms production costs into investment in content. A CMS system cannot avoid the consumption of production costs, but it can reduce this investment. It invests production costs in content management to achieve maximum flexibility in terms of content. , which can be flexibly applied to various forms of publication. So to say so, what is most valuable at this time is not the product being sold, but the content itself in the CMS.
Fourth, the obstacles to the implementation of the CMS system Although many publishers in theory will agree to CMS program, but it really seems to implement a lot of obstacles. In general, there are two reasons:
First of all, it is bound by the publisher’s concept of return on investment. Publishers are always accustomed to fearing that investing in short-term content can be rewarded. CMS is a long-term investment project. In the early stages, publishers must have considerable investment, and their returns are not likely to be immediate. Instead, they must be In the subsequent publication cycle, continuous gains will be made, and the more positive one will be, the better it will be. (From the ROI model of the CMS system, it can be seen that there is a big difference between CMS investment and traditional publishing investment.) Unfortunately, few publishers are willing to consider these. In the long-term, all decisions are often made on the short-term investment and income ratios, which is an important reason for hindering the development of the CMS system.
The second reason is that publishers do not conceptualize their publishers in spring as their partners, which inevitably has some exclusion from CMS developers. Publishers are always under the influence of some traditional ideas. They think that other suppliers only provide services such as typesetting and printing, and they are only the subsidiary work of publishing houses. However, the current publication is becoming more and more complicated, especially the emergence of different forms of publishing. The publishing links are becoming more and more complex and some related services are becoming more and more important. Because software developers like CMS suppliers are the same as those who treat writers, they should be friendly and cooperative, not a rejection attitude.
V. From theory to reality In the past, this article has described the contents and characteristics of CMS, summed up several situations for applying CMS, and pointed out several reasons why CMS systems are currently difficult to develop. Then we must truly turn CMS from theory into reality. A process will be needed. Here is a little suggestion.
First of all, consider whether or not investing in CMS will greatly benefit your content management. Then, if the analysis does not use CMS, the cost of publishing is less, estimate the life cycle of a certain work and the cost of this process, and compare the total cost before and after using CMS. Consider using CMS if the total cost after using CMS is significantly less than before. The third step is to make detailed plans for the introduction of CMS investment, return and return cycle. The fourth step is to find the most suitable partner to provide the technical support required by the CMS. Fifth, to analyze and develop obstacles that may be encountered in the implementation process, and other uncertainties, and prepare for them. Finally, since we have decided to introduce the CMS and have made full preparations, we can let go.
In general, people can easily recognize the use of CMS, but there are still many difficulties in popularizing CMS. The most important one is the impact of short-term investment. Publishing is a long-term major project, especially under various new technologies. The challenges require the emergence of a new generation of visionary and courageous innovations that will inject new vitality into the publishing industry. At that time, technologies like CMS will no longer be on paper.
A few years ago, printed publications were almost the only form of publication. After entering the post-press processing process, electronic typography documents were of little use. But now this situation is different, because the forms of publication are becoming more and more diversified. First is the emergence of CD-ROM electronic publications, and then online online publishing. At the same time, publishers combine these forms more and more Versions.
Under this new publishing model, the status of electronic documents has become prominent, but the electronic data for a certain form of publication (such as CD-ROM) often does not apply to the needs of another form of publication (such as online publishing). Therefore must go through various transformations. These conversions and their additions not only greatly increase the amount of labor, but also have high costs. At this time, if the CMS content management system is more convenient, the CMS supports the storage, adaptation, editing, updating, and control of the content. It can be output in different forms, which naturally greatly reduces the workload and costs. Below, this article will explain in detail the usefulness, composition, advantages and other issues of CMS.
First, where to use CMS
The CMS system is useful, but there is no need to abuse it. For example, an electronic publishing house that only exports CD-ROMs is not necessary to organize the introduction of CMS. The following summarizes several scenarios. If you include these situations or most of them in your publishing process, consider using a CMS.
(1) "Database" publications are information in a publication that can be organized in a logical way. Each part of information can exist independently and be used in other parts. Such as encyclopedias, statistical reference books and scientific reference books, journals can be based on their own needs to decide whether to use CMS.
(2) Multi-volume, multi-volume publications, monograph publications, and single-volume publications with more than 1,000 pages can be considered CMS
(3) Multi-version publications A publication that is published only once does not require a CMS. On the contrary, it should be considered for two reasons. First, a publication is repeatedly republished, stating that its vitality is strong enough to receive the initial input cost of the CMS. Second, when the second edition is published, it does not need to be completely changed. The fact that it needs to be updated is usually only 3% to 15% of the original edition. Most of the contents just need to be transferred.
(4) Multiple authors, multiple editors, and co-workers Although the saying goes that people are often confused, many works cannot be completed without the cooperation of many people, such as some encyclopedias and dictionaries. Then the important point in the creation, editing and publishing of these works is to manage and coordinate the work of the various collaborators, and the CMS system can do this automatically.
(5) Satisfy a variety of publishing options Publishers choose what kind of publishing format is determined by the needs of the market, and this market is always changing. Yesterday people were content with printed publications. Today, CD-ROMs have been required, and tomorrow The Internet has become a new fashion for people. Publishers often find it difficult to determine their own final form of publication, but they are also ignoring the needless format conversion; here CMS can help publishers because it supports any kind of output.
Second, the CMS system components CMS Gu Mingsi thinking is a system of management content, in short, its principle is that several independent functional blocks together in accordance with a common framework. A CMS system specifically includes the following components.
(1) Databases Databases are content structures that are created to facilitate entry, update, and redistribution. Therefore, the special structure of information will depend on the user's access method, but usually the structure will be reduced to the lowest logical separation standard. The CMS database is not only a commercial database of different sizes, but also an ordinary user database. The database information can be SGML format, or even ASCII text. The database can be accessed from a local network, a local area network, or the Internet. The database must be built with security in mind.
(b) User Interface Because a typical CMS is a combination of several products, it uses several different but similar interfaces, especially web browsers and word processor interfaces. These interfaces are often used to connect user interfaces to meet the special needs of the publishing process.
(C) Editing tools The word processor and SGML editor are key members of most CMS programs. The ideal editing tool allows authors to work in their own custom software environment, while only following a few basic rules. For the sake of editing, this kind of software environment is best to use SGML. Of course, when the author pays too much attention to the complex SGML code, he often neglects his own work theme—content preparation. This is not a good phenomenon.
(d) Workflow scheme
With the CMS system, publishers can keep abreast of the use of various parts of the publication because the workflow diagram tracks each data, notes its usage records and version records. The publisher knows the various statuses of its content at various times, when it was accessed, when it was edited, and when it was sent to the author for rewriting. In addition, the version history also shows that the contents of the CMS have been published in the form of preservation. User reports provided by the work flow diagram can also provide various forms of status information. This member of the CMS enables publishers to control (at least track) all content and its workflow.
(5) Output application output The application program is a number of filters that extract information from the database and format it into various media. For example, a filter can produce CD-ROM version of the content format, it can also meet the printing needs, the content is converted into the format required for imagesetter. Visible in the CMS, the establishment of a database, so that the content of information in one: the media is neutral, the state is not enough, but also need to convert this state of information into a variety of media required forms of applications.
Third, the advantages and benefits of the CMS system Many people will say that the introduction of CMS system investment is too large, indeed, in the initial work must have a considerable investment, but if the publisher plans to publish the same content in multiple forms, the introduction of CMS will reduce total cost. Here's a summary of the benefits of CMS and the benefits it brings:
(I) Reduced update costs After the introduction of the CMS, publishing a new electronic version of the CD-ROM would be less costly than when the CMS was not used; updating the site content would be simple and costly; when publishing a new printed version, Re-layout work is less, and costs are lower. In short, CMS can reduce publishers' update costs. Of course, the cost of a CMS system varies greatly depending on the size of the content, but in general, it is used when publishing the same content in the form of printing, CD-ROM, or the Internet. CMS can reduce the total cost by 50%.
(B) content information is always stored in an effective form Many people have experience, technology updates are always out of the storage format of information, and then had to update the information format. After using the CMS, there will be no such trouble, because information is stored in a form that is always valid, that is, in ASCII.
(C) tracking the workflow mechanism is the development and production of a good helper tracking workflow This mechanism allows editors and authors to keep abreast of the state of information stored, whether it is for the author, editors or market developers, senior managers are all a Very good management tool.
(4) The CMS system transforms production costs into investment in content. A CMS system cannot avoid the consumption of production costs, but it can reduce this investment. It invests production costs in content management to achieve maximum flexibility in terms of content. , which can be flexibly applied to various forms of publication. So to say so, what is most valuable at this time is not the product being sold, but the content itself in the CMS.
Fourth, the obstacles to the implementation of the CMS system Although many publishers in theory will agree to CMS program, but it really seems to implement a lot of obstacles. In general, there are two reasons:
First of all, it is bound by the publisher’s concept of return on investment. Publishers are always accustomed to fearing that investing in short-term content can be rewarded. CMS is a long-term investment project. In the early stages, publishers must have considerable investment, and their returns are not likely to be immediate. Instead, they must be In the subsequent publication cycle, continuous gains will be made, and the more positive one will be, the better it will be. (From the ROI model of the CMS system, it can be seen that there is a big difference between CMS investment and traditional publishing investment.) Unfortunately, few publishers are willing to consider these. In the long-term, all decisions are often made on the short-term investment and income ratios, which is an important reason for hindering the development of the CMS system.
The second reason is that publishers do not conceptualize their publishers in spring as their partners, which inevitably has some exclusion from CMS developers. Publishers are always under the influence of some traditional ideas. They think that other suppliers only provide services such as typesetting and printing, and they are only the subsidiary work of publishing houses. However, the current publication is becoming more and more complicated, especially the emergence of different forms of publishing. The publishing links are becoming more and more complex and some related services are becoming more and more important. Because software developers like CMS suppliers are the same as those who treat writers, they should be friendly and cooperative, not a rejection attitude.
V. From theory to reality In the past, this article has described the contents and characteristics of CMS, summed up several situations for applying CMS, and pointed out several reasons why CMS systems are currently difficult to develop. Then we must truly turn CMS from theory into reality. A process will be needed. Here is a little suggestion.
First of all, consider whether or not investing in CMS will greatly benefit your content management. Then, if the analysis does not use CMS, the cost of publishing is less, estimate the life cycle of a certain work and the cost of this process, and compare the total cost before and after using CMS. Consider using CMS if the total cost after using CMS is significantly less than before. The third step is to make detailed plans for the introduction of CMS investment, return and return cycle. The fourth step is to find the most suitable partner to provide the technical support required by the CMS. Fifth, to analyze and develop obstacles that may be encountered in the implementation process, and other uncertainties, and prepare for them. Finally, since we have decided to introduce the CMS and have made full preparations, we can let go.
In general, people can easily recognize the use of CMS, but there are still many difficulties in popularizing CMS. The most important one is the impact of short-term investment. Publishing is a long-term major project, especially under various new technologies. The challenges require the emergence of a new generation of visionary and courageous innovations that will inject new vitality into the publishing industry. At that time, technologies like CMS will no longer be on paper.
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