What are the peculiarities of Asia's largest radio telescope?
This behemoth with a caliber of 65 meters and a weight of 2700 tons is equivalent to the accuracy error of the main reflection surface of 8 standard basketball courts, but it does not exceed 0.3 millimeters, and can complete the conversion of different observation bands in 1 minute-October 28 , A 65-meter-diameter radio telescope developed by China Electronics Technology Group Corporation was opened at the Shanghai Observatory. As China's largest caliber and most complete wave band, a full range of movable high-performance radio telescopes, its overall performance is second only to the 110-meter radio telescope in the United States, the 100-meter radio telescope in Germany and the 64-meter radio telescope in Italy. Asia is the largest and fourth in the world.
Although this telescope has just been put into use, it has attracted the attention of the world's astronomy community as early as the construction stage. Ye Shuhua, an academician of the Chinese Academy of Sciences and a famous astronomer, has high hopes for its launch: "This telescope will become a main observation device in China and even the world in various disciplines such as radio astronomy, astronomical geodynamics and space science. Make first-class scientific achievements. "
Radio astronomy and radio telescopes started in the 1930s and developed rapidly after World War II. Since 1931, scientists at Bell Labs in the United States have received radio waves from the center of the Milky Way with an antenna array. Radio telescopes composed of distant celestial bodies by receiving radio waves from celestial bodies have begun to attract attention. The discovery of pulsars, quasars, cosmic microwave background radiation, and interstellar organic molecules that are well known today are all related to the progress of radio telescopes. "The construction of large-scale radio telescope systems involves multiple technical fields and is recognized as a true manifestation of a country's scientific and technological strength." Fan Youshan, Secretary of the Party Group of China Electronics Technology Group, said, "The completion of this 65-meter radio telescope marks a new milestone in the field of astronomy in China. An important scientific project will soon be put into use, and its social and economic benefits will be very significant. "
What are the "specialities" of this radio telescope? A set of numbers may show the first signs.
One of the numbers: 65 meters and 10 billion light years
Sensitivity and resolution are two important indicators to measure the performance of the telescope. Increasing the antenna diameter and antenna receiving area is one of the important means to improve the sensitivity and resolution of radio telescopes. The radio telescope set up at the Shanghai Astronomical Observatory this time, due to its super-large diameter, will be able to observe celestial bodies other than 10 billion light years from a distance. The deep matter of the universe, such as how dark matter in the world plays a role, has significantly improved the overall strength and international status of astronomical observation research in China.
Not only that, "This radio telescope can make a greater contribution in the application of aerospace engineering." Wu Weiren, chief designer of the National Center for Lunar Exploration and Aerospace Engineering, said that this telescope will be directly used in China ’s ongoing lunar exploration project. Its orbit determination and positioning tasks will be carried out in the future, and Mars exploration and various deep space exploration tasks will be carried out in the future. Its completion will further enhance China's deep space orbit determination capabilities and meet major national strategic needs.
Number two: 3318 square meters and 0.1 millimeters
This 65-meter-diameter radio telescope is 70 meters high, nearly 30 stories high, and weighs 2,700 tons. It is magnificent and spectacular. The antenna area is 3318 square meters, which is equivalent to the size of 8 basketball courts. The main reflection surface of the antenna is paved with a total of 1008 high-precision solid panels in 14 circles. Experts said, "Each panel is about the same size as a double bed. This piece is assembled into this behemoth, and it is also super-precision-the deformation error of the accuracy of the antenna surface does not exceed 0.3 mm, which is what we usually use. The thickness of a credit card. "
"During operation, the telescope is inevitably deformed due to the antenna's pitch angle, temperature, wind and other factors. The 65-meter radio telescope is like a flashlight. If the flashlight is slightly deflected, then distant targets will occur. A large distance deviation affects the reception efficiency of the antenna system, especially the efficiency of the high frequency band. In order to ensure its accuracy, the main reflective surface is installed with the most advanced active reflective surface technology at the connection between the panel and the antenna back frame structure All are equipped with precision adjustment mechanisms, called actuators, with a total of 1104. "The relevant developers introduced," In order to ensure high-precision pointing, the azimuth track with a diameter of 42 meters adopts seamless welding technology with a welding accuracy of 0.1 mm , Which is the diameter of a strand of hair! "
"The entire 65-meter radio telescope project took less than four years to complete from design to completion." Tu Tianjie, the project's chief commander, said, "All core technologies are completely independently developed by China Electronics Technology's 54 Institute, and there is one key technology. More than one hundred, the technical indicators have reached the international first-class level. "
Number three: 8 frequency bands and 1 minute
"The receiver converts the radio waves from the antenna into signals that can be recorded by the instrument or take pictures of the radio waves." The researchers said, "The working wavelength of this 65-meter radio telescope ranges from a maximum of 20 cm to a minimum of 7 There are 8 frequency bands in a millimeter. All the radio waves received by an antenna the size of a basketball court are collected into a key device the size of a vase. This is the heart of the antenna. "This is an obvious requirement for the high accuracy of the" heart ". It is precisely because of its multiple operating bands, high operating frequency, and receiving frequency bandwidth that the mysteries deep in the universe can be glimpsed.
Just as the camera needs to adjust the focus when shooting objects at different distances, different wavelengths are needed to observe different targets in space. This 65-meter radio telescope can quickly change the observation band by deflecting the secondary reflection surface or switching the feed by a mechanical turntable with a complex structure. The replacement time can be less than 1 minute. This can greatly improve the efficiency and accuracy of capturing space signals.
"This 65-meter radio telescope will become a backbone observation device in China and the world in many disciplines such as radio astronomy, astrogeodynamics and space science, and make first-class scientific achievements." Its chief designer, China Du Biao of Denko Group is full of confidence. According to estimates, if the radio telescope is added to the network connection with other related radio telescopes, "the telescope as a unit to participate in the Chinese VLBI network will increase the sensitivity by 42%; participating in the European VLBI network will increase its sensitivity by 15% to 35% . "
"The world is changing with each passing day, and deep space exploration and space development and utilization are on the rise. Competition in the space field will determine the future of a country." Fan Youshan said that in the future, China Electric Power will continue to build 110-meter antennas in Xinjiang and 500-meter antennas in Guizhou , Actively participate in the development and construction of the square kilometers array (SKA) in the field of international astronomy.
What are the peculiarities of Asia's largest radio telescope?
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